PREPSOIL Taxonomy of Mission Soil Living Labs and Lighthouses

Select the Soil Mission context:

Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Level 4
Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Agriculture	Forestry	Peri-Urban	Post-Industrial
AIMS	INNOVATION	Efficient use of resources	Precision tools adapted to sustainable soil management and to small farms Drip irrigation Intercropping Manure processing (digestate)	Efficient logging	Rainwater harvesting Infiltration activities Soil sealing and permeability actions Use of de-sealing strategies and/or promotion of reuse of existing buildings Soil roof technologies Use of infiltration ponds	Efficient remediation techniques Nature-based Solutions (NBS) remediation techniques Temporary use of land
	INNOVATION	Adaptation to co-created innovations	Agroecology transition / revolution Nature-based solutions Diversified farming systems Agroforestry Integrated soil fertility management	Good forest exploitation Proper use of the fruits of the trees (e.g., acorns) Foster conservation (i.e. implementation of a reward system for good practices) Rationale based on mosaic landscapes	Using soil functions for climate adaptation	Efficient remediation techniques NBS remediation techniques
	Knowledge & Learning	Social impact (citizen / public / awareness and literacy)	Joint initiatives (farm / citizens)		School or community gardens. Schools, house owners and local municipalities on using soil functions for climate change and energy transition.	Historical/heritage structure of site
		Citizen science			Urban farming Soil subsidence Soil infiltration, temperature and moisture.
		Soil contamination & Biodiversity	Pesticide use		Soil quality in gardens, but also Water Drainage Infiltration (WADIs) / Public space	Insight in new pollutants NBS/ sustainable remediation techniques
		Soil issues	Extreme weather conditions: (drought / water logging) Salt tolerant crops		Urban heat island effect Soil sealing	Soil health / quality Soil sealing
		Eviromental education programs and community workshop	Farm visits Agroecology workshops Training at cooperation level	Heritage forests workshops Forest stewardship workshops	School gardens workshops Community garden workshops Municipal awareness on climate change (infiltration of water in soil)	Industrial sites tours Remediation workshops
	Sustainability	Ecosystem service improvement	Bio-product development Cover cropping, anti erosion measures, biochar, green manure, crop diversity	Agroforestry systems No-timber forest products, Reforestation, terracing Forest carbon storage Native trees Forest litter composting	Native urban flora Pollinator gardens Urban tree planting, green roofs, urban green spaces De-sealing measures	Industrial composting Carbon capture projects, erosion control plants, soil stabilization, natural remediation practices De-sealing measures
		Climate resislience mitigation (adaptation and mitigation)	Drought-resistant crops Salt resistant crops Seed selection		Urban greening (urban parks, urban forests, green walls and roofs) De-sealing measures	(Collaborative) Remediation and circular land use De-sealing measures
		Circularrity of production and waste	Composting Green manure Focus on manure use, not fertilizer application	Biomass recycling	Urban recycling hubs Reuse of (excavated) soils	Industrial recycling Reuse of (excavated) soils
		Biodeversity conservation and carbon farming	Manure and green manure application Zones such as bird protected areas Riparian zones	Forests reserves	Urban biodiversity hotspots Urban conservation zones	Industrial carbon credits Industrial biodiversity hotspots
	Good practice	Eviromental impact	Organic certification Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) partnership	Sustainable logging practices	Urban organic gardens Use of soils in climate adaptation	Sustainable (bio)remediation / NBS
	Good practice	Impact assessments and monitoring and evaluation	Agriculture impact assessment	Forest impact assessment	Urban impact assessment Citizen science	Industrial impact assessment

Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Level 4
Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Agriculture	Forestry	Peri-Urban	Post-Industrial
ACTIVITIES	DEVELOPMENT BEYOND TESTING	Nature-based solutions approach	Agriculture demonstration On farm agricultural research/field stations Soil health improvement techniques (e.g., cover cropping, crop rotation)	Forest restoration projects Offset regional soil challenges Boost potential of forests bioeconomy extension (bio-products)	Urban green infrastructure Ecosystem services deployment	Redevelopment and regeneration Soil remediation techniques (e.g., phytoremediation, bioremediation, natural attenuation)
		Multiple-scale work / multi-actor strategic roadmap (interdisciplinary)	Interdisciplinary research on sustainable farming practices	Cross-sectoral forest management strategies Collaborative conservation initiatives	Urban planning integration with environmental goals Stakeholder engagement in (re)development	Integrated industrial site rehabilitation plans (land stewardship, sustainable risk based land management) Stakeholder engagement in brownfield redevelopment
		Management strategies	Sustainable farming management plans Agricultural risk assessment	Adaptive forest management practices Forest risk evaluations Joint forest management	Green infrastructure management Urban risk assessment Long term, soil and water-based spatial planning strategies	Contaminated site management strategies Sustainable risk based land management Industrial risk assessment
	CO-CREATION & PARTICIPATION	Knowledge exchange	Tacit and explicitly agriculture knowledge sharing Transgenerational agriculture knowledge Agriculture-innovation knowledge (dissemination)	Tacit forestry knowledge Transgenerational forestry knowledge	Soil and water based urban planning Research by design Community gardening and urban farming knowledge	Industrial remediation techniques / workshops Industrial remediation research
		User-centricity and end-users	Farmer-centric approaches Participatory agricultural research	Forest user involvement (e.g., local communities, indigenous groups)	Community-focused urban projects Resident engagement in urban sustainability	Involvement of local communities and actors in remediation projects
		Capacity building	Training programs for farmers Field demonstrations	Forestry management training Community forestry education	Urban sustainability workshops	Training on industrial remediation techniques
		Dialogue and problematisation (shared challenges/problems)	Cooperation meetings Agricultural unions Local farm networks	Meditation between opposing interests (e.g. pure conservation vs exploitation)	Community planning	Mediation between opposing interests Cocreation to find solutions / common grounds (technical, financial, social, legal) for brownfield remediation
	ITERATION	Feedback loops	Continuous improvement in farming practices		Iterative urban planning	Iterative remediation and redevelopment strategies
		Alignment with excising regulations / policy instruments/testing	Compliance with agricultural policies	Forestry policy alignment	Integration with urban policies	Industrial regulation compliance
		Scientific validation			Measuring effectiveness of urban sustainability policies	Measuring effectiveness of (new) remediation techniques for (emerging) contaminants Lab testing
	SCALING UP AND OUT	Upscaling activities	Scaling up from pilot / field to region Scaling from harvest to large scale production		Governance model on urban LLs and LHs (implemented by cities)	Post-industrial demonstration activities
		Advisory system and technical considerations	Agricultural advisory systems	Forestry advisory systems	Urban planning advisory systems Communities of practice	Industrial site advisory systems Communities of practice
		Awareness rising, network dissemination and outreach (public visits)	Agricultural extension services Thematic seminars / meetings of agriculture topics Media	Forestry conservation awareness Thematic seminars / meetings of forestry topics	Urban sustainability campaigns	Post-industrial demonstration activities Industrial site remediation awareness Thematic seminars / meetings of industry topics
	ECONOMIC - ENVIRONMENTAL - SOCIAL DIMENSIONS	Awareness rising, network dissemination and outreach(public visits)	Agricultural funding programs	Forestry conservation funding	Urban sustainability funding	Industrial remediation funding
		Economic models and solidary economic			Creating collective systems / places (Wadi / Playground)	Economic models for remediation / redevelopment (wider values of remediation)
		Business models and financial sustainability			Saving costs on sewage systems because of Ecosystem services. Payment schemes for ecosystem services	Economic models for remediation / redevelopment (wider values of remediation)
		Public and private goods			Program to convince private landowners to contribute to common goals (e.g., desealing gardens for climate adaptivity)	Ecosystem provision by private industrial landowners for surroundings
	MEASURE PROGRESS	Monitoring process/ systems/ technologies	Carbon monitoring Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) MARVIC project Near-Infrared (NIR) scanner to determine cheap and quickly nutrient levels		M2 of soil sealing # organisms in the topsoil	Monitoring effectivity of remediation techniques (contamination levels and spreading)
		(real-time) Testing and validation	Bottom-up on-farm experimentation		Co-monitoring communities towards pro-active role of citizens	Co-monitoring communities towards pro-active role of citizens Passive sampling
		Scientific validation			Creating opportunities for University Students to do research in multiple LLs	Creating opportunities for University Students to do research in multiple LLs
		Progress indicators	Increase soil carbon Increase biodiversity Consumer demand		Decrease in M2 of sealed soil Increase in # of soil organisms	Contamination levels and spreading
		Modelling soil health effects	Carbon Nutrients Biodiversity Tools such as cool farm tool/rothc		Biodiversity Infiltration capacity Organic matter content	Contamination levels Infiltration capacity Natural attenuation ability
	ORCHESTRATION	Network strategies	Agricultural unions Extension Farm networks / cooperation		Setup and work with: Neighbourhood groups Municipal environmental groups Citizen panels Gardening associations Social Housing organisations	Set up neighbourhood groups, actor groups for regeneration of contaminated and brownfield land Municipal environmental groups Citizen panels Social Housing organisations
		Scale of orchestration			City-level orchestration or neighbourhood level (also depending on the scale # of M2 and Inhabitants + social coherence)	Large-scale industrial site orchestration
		Local synergies & cross-border collaborations / perspective			Collaboration based on a shared problem or goals (e.g., climate proof cities)	Site-based collaboration, region scale collaboration Collaboration based on a shared problem (e.g. emerging contaminants)

Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Level 4
Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Agriculture	Forestry	Peri-Urban	Post-Industrial
PARTICIPANTS	ACADEMIA	University researchers and research institutes	Crop production scientists Agronomists Soil scientists	Forest ecologists Forestry management specialist Wildlife biologists	Spatial / urban planning Landscape architects	Soil remediation researchers Waste management researchers
	ACADEMIA	Natural, social, behavioural sciences research	Biodiversity scientists Behaviour scientists		Climate scientist Spatial and Urban planning Medicines / Health sciences Sociology / Psychology Economics and Public Administration sciences	Climate scientist Spatial and Urban planning Medicines / Health sciences Sociology / Psychology Economics and Public Administration science
	CITIZENS, CIVIL SOCIETY & USERS	Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)	Water protection organizations Nature organisations Environmental foundations	Forest conservation NGOs World Wildlife Fund (WWF)	Green urban spaces NGO	Cultural/Historic NGOs Natural NGOs
		Citizen groups & communities	Cooperatives Rural communities	Tourists Urban and local citizens Rural communities	Citizens in urban areas Residents & tenants	Residents near contaminated sites Industrial remediation community advocacy groups Rural communities
		Local, regional and/or national movements	NGOs Cooperations & unions	Hunters, Nature organisations	Loosely organized groups (artists, designers, retailers, local business)	Loosely organized groups (artists, designers, retailers, local business)
	INDUSTRY	Tech-oriented solution providers	Agricultural equipment manufacturers		Consultants for climate adaptation measures	Consultants and remediation techniques Consultants for climate adaptation measures
		Engineers, specialists, and advisors	Food engineers Agriculture advisors Agriculture economists	Forestry advisors	Geographic Information System (GIS) specialists Civil engineers Architects Urban advisors	Environmental advisors Industrial advisors Spatial planners Financial / legal advisors
		Manufacturers	Seeds (in)organic fertilizers Retailers Fertilizer companies Food processing companies	Logging concessions Timber processing companies Pulp and paper companies	Construction companies Green infrastructure companies Waste management companies	Remediation companies Waste management companies Construction companies specializing in brownfield and redevelopment
		Land managers and owners	Farmers Large estates	Indigenous land holders Hunters associations Parks and wildlife services State forestry department	Forest owners Private landowners Allotment owners Real state City greens managers Public landowners (municipalities)	Industrial landowners Competent authority (when land is taken over by a public body) Soil heritage landowners Industries with impacts on soils
		Others	Contractors	Tourism organizations Allotment owners
		Soil analysts and environmental managers	National laboratories	National laboratories	National laboratories	National laboratories
		Water and waste management	Water (purifications) companies		Water (sewage plant) companies	Water (sewage plant) companies
	GOVERNMENT & PUBLIC SECTOR	Policy-makers	National government		National government Regional government Local government	EU National / regional / local government (depending on competent authority level)
		Authorities and regulators	Local government			Brownfield redevelopment authorities
		Governmental organizations (municipalities, regional governments…)	Agricultural extension services	Rangers and wildlife governmental organizations	Urban development governmental agencies.	Urban development governmental agencies
		Health authorities (public health, epidemiologists)	Food and consumer product safety authority		Health and safety authorities	Health and safety authorities

Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Level 4
Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Agriculture	Forestry	Peri-Urban	Post-Industrial
CONTEXT	PHYSICAL BOUNDARIES	Infrastructure: project level, LL level, network level	Production chain Demonstration fields	Demonstration areas	Demonstration areas	Demonstration areas
	SYSTEM CONTEXT	Time frames	Crop production timeframe		Spatial planning – 4-20	Remediation and redevelopment timeframe. From 10-100 years
		Social values and norms			Health and quality of life	Health and quality of life
		Land and natural resource management		Forest biodiversity	Public space (parks)	Brownfields reuse
		Socio-economic context			Housing and recreation	Housing and recreation and nature
	POLICY AND GOVERNANCE	Internal organization (infrastructure, business models, financial sustainability)			Business model for ecosystem services in both development and maintenance of urban areas	Business model for ecosystem services in both development and maintenance of urban areas
		Land and natural resource policies & directives	European Green deal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)		EU directives – for example on urban wastewater. National spatial and climate / natural system related ambitions/policy	EU directives –e.g. on industrial liability emission regulation etc
		Decision-making progress			Political attention and support	Legally arranged in different countries
		Science-policy society interface			# of productive Interaction between science and policymakers, co designing.